Traditional Uses, Active Ingredients, and Biological Activities of Paris polyphylla Smith: A Comprehensive Review of an Important Himalayan Medicinal Plant

Paris polyphylla Smith (family: Melanthiaceae), a high-value medicinal herb endemic to the Himalayan region, has drawn much attention recently due its immense use in traditional healthcare system since ancient times. In present review, an extensive database on P. was systematically searched from databases such as Medline/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and online service E-library.ru SCImago (https://www.scimagojr.com/). Information species, ecology, distribution, trade, ethnopharmacology, pharmacology, biotechnology, molecular biology gathered 1979 2023 using 116 research publications. Major steroidal saponins saponin I, V, VI, VII, H have been found substantially effective anticancer activity, abnormal uterine bleeding, dysfunctional menorrhagia. Traditional breeding propagation techniques cannot keep up with world’s growing demand for herbal drugs. Therefore, it is critically necessary take conservation measures develop novel cultivating this economically significant highly valuable therapeutic herb. The advanced biotechnological approaches like micropropagation genetic analysis introduced long back are either rare or lacking case polyphylla. It contains wealth information that will serve baseline data source various stakeholders, researchers working aspects, policymakers define appropriate utilization plans commercial plant called review provides updated overview critical assessment secondary regarding past recent applications interventions